Which method is NOT typically associated with alternative dispute resolution (ADR)?

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) encompasses various methods for resolving disputes outside of traditional court litigation. The primary forms of ADR include mediation, arbitration, and negotiation.

Mediation is a process where a neutral third-party facilitator helps the disputing parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Arbitration involves a neutral third party making a binding decision after reviewing the evidence and arguments from both sides. Negotiation is a direct dialogue between the parties involved, aimed at reaching a settlement without the involvement of third parties.

Litigation, on the other hand, refers to the process of taking legal action and resolving disputes in a formal courtroom setting, often involving judges and juries. This method is characterized by adherence to strict procedural rules and the possibility of appeals, making it distinctly separate from ADR.

Thus, litigation is not typically associated with alternative dispute resolution methods, which prioritize collaboration and mutual agreement rather than adversarial proceedings.